schinz



y 2 SheetS-Sheet 1. C, SCHINZ.

Hot Blst Oven.

No. 13,887. Pat'ented Dec. 4, 1855.

N. PETERSA Pham-Limngnphuf, wml-5mm nA c.

. 2 Sheetssheet 2. C. SCHINZ.

YHot Blast Oven. No. 13,887. Patented` Dec. 4, 1855.

UNTTnn STATns Parenti trice CHAS. SCHINZ, OF OAMDEN, NEV JERSEY.

SELF-RE'GULATNG HOT=BLAST FOR FURNACES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. Mig?, dated Decemberll, 1855,

To @ZZ whom' t may concern.:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ScHrNz, of Camden, in the county of Camdenand State of New Jersey, have invented a new Self-Regulating Hot-Blastfor Furnaces, and I do hereby declare that the following is a full andexact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my/invention consists in a seltacting regulator for theadmission of air to gas-furnaces. rlhere is no doubt that the conversionof the fuel into gases, which, on being brought into Contact with a newportion of air, produce the most intense heatA ever attained, is a mostimportant modern improvement; yet there is one difficulty which has notbeen overcome up to this day-namely, to divide the quantities of airrequired to produce the gas and to burn it with any degree of accuracy,and, however, the economy of a gasfurnace rests entirely upon thiscondition, inasmuch as each pound of carbon which escapes in the form ofoxide of carbon unburned is equivalent to a loss of fourth-fths of theheat it might produce, and if an excess of air is used the loss inintensity of the iire produces a still more disastrous result. Thedifiiculty lies chieiiy in the circumstance that that portion of airwhich serves the combustion of the gases has to be previously heated toa very high degree of temperature; hence its expansion varies betweentwo and four times its original volume, and the pressurein the flue'sconducting that air and the quantitiesissuing from the tuyeres varyaccordingly.

The object of my invention is to regulate the admission of air by layinga bar of metal in the pipe conducting the hotair, so that this bar isitself expanded, and by working on a lever produces the motion of valveswhich regulate the issue of the air.

To enable others skilled in t-he art to make use of my invention, Iwillproceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, two gasfurnaces, A and B, and a fagotediron furnace, C, are represented to illustrate the adaptation andoperation of the regulator.

Figure l represents the front of twogasfurnaces, A and B. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section of the gas-furnaces with the ilues conducting thegas. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the gas-furnaces and the fagotedfurnace at the height of the tuyeres ZL Fig. 4 is a perpendicularsection 4of the fagoted furnace and air heater through its breadth. Fig.5 is a perpendicular section through the gasfurnace A and a front viewof the fagoted furnace. Fig. 6 is a perpendicular section of the fagotedfurnace, the air-heater, and a side view of the gas-furnace A; Fig. 7, aperpendicular section of the mechanism producing the motion of thevalves; Fig. 8, a perpendicular section ofthe same through its broadside, Fig. 9, a perpendicular section of the same through one of theeccentrics or curved plates o v; Fig. l0, a view of the saine fromabove.

The same letters in the-different figures represent the same things.

c a represent the grate, and o o the place in which lies the fuel. rlhisisintroduced by the feeders g g, which are 'provided with sliding valvesand moved by a rack and cog-wheel, and passes through the flues p p.

b b are two doors, serving to clean the grate a a.

c c is the ash-pit, into which the cold-air pipe d d introduces the air.

e e represent the ilues that lead the gas'from the furnace to thegas-flueff, from which it goes around the hot-air tuyeresl Z into thefiue r1', where the combustion takes place. The name issuing from thefagoted furnace C goes into the iiue s s above C, in which lies an ovalcast-iron pipe, g g. In this are placed two other pipes, li h and L L.7c k brings the cold air to one end ofgg, and 7L h takes the heated airfrom the hottest end and conducts it to the boxes m m., connected withthehot tuyeres Z Z. It is in the hot-air pipe h h that the metallic barfi t' is suspended. Outside of the pipe 7L h the bar 't' i is connectedwith the short lever &, standing out from the quadrant t t. Thisquadrant is provided with cogs which move the cog-wheel u u.

On the same axle that is moved by the cogwheel u u are fastened twocurved plates or eccentries, e e. Round these plates are two shoulders,w w, which are lifted and sunk according to the motion of the curvedplates c c, and from below these shoulders w w issue the bars x w,which, going through the stufting-boxes y y, produce the motion of theregu- `'lating-valves f: s in the cold-air pipe d d.

The following is the way of calculating the dimensions of the differentparts of the regulator: The expansion of the metallic bar, supposed tobe copper, amounts to 0.0126 inch for 110 Fahrenheit for each foot, andat the temperature, between 32 and 142O Fahrenheit; 0.0130 inch for 110OFahrenheit for each foot, and at thetemperatures between 142 and 252Fahrenheit; 0.0136 inch for 110 Fahrenheit for each foot, and at thetemperatures between 252 and 362 Fahrenheit; 0.0140 inch for 110Fahrenheit for each foot, and at the temperatures between 362 and 472oFahrenheit; 0.0145 inch for 110 Fahrenheit for each foot, and at thetemperatures between 472 and 582 Fahrenheit; 0.0150 inch for 110Fahrenheit for each foot, and at the temperature between 532 and 692Fahrenheit. XVe design these coefficients of expansion with i y, y, 1j,y, and y", and the length of the bar of copper with B. Then y B equalsthe length in inches the bar expands at the respective temperatures. Theshort lever 8s, which is affected by the motion of the bar i t', musttake different positions and describe an are according to the amount ofexpansion. This amount of expansion is equal to the sine of the anglesbelonging; to these arcs. The quadrant t t of course follows the samemotion, and describes the saine arcs; but the cogwheel a u being made ofsuch dimensions as to perform one revolution for the motion irnpressedto the lever 85 between the temperatures of 32 and 692 Fahrenheit, thisdescribes larger arcs for each interval of temperature than the lever8v, in such proportion that the sum of the arcs described by 85 becomesequal to a whole circle of 360 Thus the sine of the largest angle formedby 0c (B supposed to be tenfeet) is equal B (y-I-y/-ly y/U| yir ;-y1'):0827 inch, and the arc belonging to this sine equals 56 50', and the arcdescribed by the cog-wheel a a is equal to a whole circle of 360.I-lence the sine B y: 0.126, corresponding with 7 15. The arc dcscribedby the cog-wheel a a in that instance must be equal to 56 50': 360:71.5i: x:45 52, and so on. The curved plates c t, making the samerevolutions as the cog-wheels u a, may therefore be constructed bydividing a circle in six arcs, each of so many degrees as correspond tothe motions produced at each temperature by radii, and marking on these`radii the height to which the valves z z have to be lifted at thesetemperatures. These marks give,then,the forni of the curve. Supposingthe hot-air tuyeres Z l to present to the air a total surface offourteen square inches, this figure has to be reduced by multiplying itwith the coefficient of contraction belonging to short conical tubes ortuyeres-viz., 0.94: 13.16 square inches or 0.0914 square feet, whichnumber we designate by s. New, if, for instance, the pressure of theheated air is equal six inches on the water-indicator equal h, thevelocity of the air equal c is: 22g-.2ghz

0.5 64.3 O* 0013 3846,and 384 feet t,

and the quantity blown out is equal v s: 62 0.0914:5.6668 cubic feet.Now,the quantity of cold air equivalent to these 5.6668 cubic feet ofhot air supposed at 600 Fahrenheit is 5.6668 l 0'002086X600-2.55 cubicfeet. Admitting this to be the quantity of cold air to be introducedinto the gas-furnaces, and there being the same pressure of air behindthe valves z .e as behind the tuyeres l Z, we have to calculate thesection s of the pipe d d, diminish'ed by the valves z z, by dividingthe velocity v into the number of cubic feet to be 2. v blown out-viz.,0.041 square feet:

5.904 valves z z, is to be made d 2 :2.952 square inches. In this waythe sections for all temperatures between 32 and 692 Fahrenheit may becalculated, and the curved plates c U constructed accordingly.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The use of the pipe h h and the bar it' when arranged as set forth,andoperating conj ointl y, by means of suitable gearing upon the eccentricst v for opening and closing the valves z z, substantially as described,so as to divide a given volume of air of varying temperature andpressure into proportionate parts, and for the purpose set forth.

CHS. SGHINZ.

Vitn esscs:

JosEPH REAKI'RT, J r., JOHN REAKIRT.

